1 mark for correct working: e.g. 2000000 * 16 / (8 * 1000 * 1000) 1 mark for answer: 4MB

1 mark each to max 2 - max 1 for each set of marks • The control unit synchronises the actions of the processor • by sending a command / signal on each timing signal produced by the system clock • using / along the control bus

1 mark for each correctly completed term • an executable file/.exe • source/program code • stops • immediately/in real-time A compiler checks all of the code before attempting to translate the program. If any errors are found, they are all reported at the same time and the program does not translate or run. If there are no errors found, the compiler produces an executable file/.exe which can run without access to the source/program code. An interpreter translates one line of code and then runs it, before moving to the next line of code. If the line of code has an error, the interpreter stops and displays the error. The programmer can correct the error immediately/in real- time and then the interpreter continues translating from that point.

1 mark each to max 4 • A webserver stores all the data for each player • Each player is on a client computer // The player’s web browser is the client • that sends requests over the internet to the web server • the server performs the required action in the game • the server updates the data in the game • the server sends the results to the player

1 mark for each correct statement X = B NOR (A NOR C) Y = (B AND C) XOR NOT D

1 mark for each shaded section Instruction address ACC Memory address 51 53 48 50 50 49 504 48 503 48 38 38

1 mark for each correct relationship

1 mark each • Selection of customer name and counting any field from ORDER as an appropriate identifier • Joining tables ORDER and CUSTOMER • AND (or WHERE) clause: Collected = FALSE • Grouping by customer ID or customer name Example 1: SELECT CustomerName, COUNT(OrderID) AS NotCollected FROM ORDER, CUSTOMER WHERE ORDER.CustomerID = CUSTOMER.CustomerID AND Collected = FALSE GROUP BY CUSTOMER.CustomerID Example 2: SELECT CustomerName, COUNT(OrderID) AS NotCollected FROM ORDER INNER JOIN CUSTOMER ON ORDER.CustomerID = CUSTOMER.CustomerID WHERE Collected = FALSE GROUP BY CUSTOMER.CustomerID

1 mark for 0010 1000 7(a)(ii) 1 mark for 1111 0011 7(b) 1 mark for 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 +1 11 01 11 1 0 0 01 1 (1) 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 Answer: (1) 1010 0110 7(c) 1 mark for showing binary subtraction (any method) Direct subtraction: 0 1 1 10 10 11 10 0 -0 0 01 11 11 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 Adding the two’s complement: 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 +1 11 11 1 0 0 0 1 0 (1) 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 mark for answer 0100 0110

2 1(a)(ii) 1 mark each Image: • There will be fewer shades of colour available • so the image does not match the original as detail is lost Image file: • Fewer bits are used to store each pixel • so less data is stored, therefore the file size is reduced

2 2(a)(ii) 1 mark each • MAR  [PC] and PC  [PC] + 1 • MDR  [[MAR]] • CIR  [MDR] • Correct order • For example: • MAR  [PC] • PC  [PC] + 1 • MDR  [[MAR]] • CIR  [MDR]

2 4(b) 1 mark for 1st 4 rows 1 mark for 2nd 4 rows A B C Working space X 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2

3 1(c)(i) 1 mark each to max 2 •

3 5(a)(ii) 1 mark for addressing mode, 1 mark for matching description • Direct • The operand is the address of the data • Indirect • The operand points to the memory location which is the address of the data • Indexed • The address of the data is formed by adding the contents of the Index Register (IX) to the operand

3 6(d)(ii) 1 mark each to max 3 e.g. • To create / modify / delete database objects • To create a form for data input • To add tools to a form • for example, drop-down boxes / buttons etc. • To design a report to show the output in an organised manner • To add a menu to enable users to choose different actions / run different queries 3

4 1(b) 1 mark for each correct term: Description Sound term the number of times the amplitude is measured per time interval Sampling rate the number of bits used to store each amplitude measurement Sampling resolution the type of sound wave before it is recorded by a computer Analogue

4 2(b) 1 mark each • Using cache memory improves system performance • because cache is fast access memory close to the CPU • which stores frequently used instructions / data • so that they can be accessed faster than from RAM 2(c) 1 mark each to max 2 e.g. • HDMI transfers both audio and video using a single cable • HDMI has a high bandwidth • Data is transmitted in a stream • of uncompressed digital signals • HDMI uses a technology called Transition-Minimized Differential Signalling (TMDS) 2

4 3(b) 1 mark for method and 1 mark for corresponding description During transmission e.g. • Encryption // by example such as VPN • Jumble / encode data so it cannot be decrypted/understood without the key On computer e.g. • Firewall / proxy • Filter incoming transmissions and stop any that could be attempting unauthorised access • Anti-malware • Find and delete or quarantine any malware that could delete the data / files • Encryption • Jumble / encode data so it cannot be decrypted / understood without the key • Physical method // by example • For example, the computer storing the data cannot be accessed without the key to the room 4

4 3(d) 1 mark each to max 3 e.g. • There is no / limited access to legal advice • in case action is taken against them • There are fewer networking opportunities • so they could miss out on contacts / jobs • There would be less access to training • There would be no clear laid out ethical guidelines • and / or people to discuss potential ethical problems with • possibly leading to inappropriate / unethical actions • which might lead to legal proceedings / recourse

4 5(b) 1 mark for each correct instruction e.g. AND B00000000 / #0 / &0 OR B10000000 / #128 / &80

4 6(b) 1 mark each • INSERT INTO PRODUCT • VALUES with opening and closing brackets • Inserting ProductID, ProductName and SupplierID correctly as strings including quotation marks into correct fields • Inserting quantity and cost correctly into correct fields Example 1: INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES ("002323", "Blue ball point 2 mm", 50, 5.00, "SFX223"); Example 2: INSERT INTO PRODUCT (ProductID, ProductName, QuantityInBox, Cost, SupplierID) VALUES ("002323", "Blue ball point 2 mm", 50, 5.00, "SFX223"); CUSTOMER ORDER ORDER_PRODUCT SUPPLIER PRODUCT

4 6(d)(i) 1 mark each to max 3 e.g. • Relationships • Views • Data types • Validation rules

8 / 16 / 32 / bits per character • Represents 28 / 216 / etc. characters • Represents every language and other characters such as emojis 1(c)(ii) 1 mark for each correctly completed space Character Denary 8–bit Binary Hexadecimal ! 0010 0001

21 L 0100 1100 4C ü 1111 1100 FC 3